Steps to repro:
1. Create a new project
2. Add a 3D cube to 0,0,0 and select it
3. Make sure "move tool" is active
4. Add the provided script "TransformVisBug.cs" to Assets folder
5. Open Unity Test -> Bug
6. Press 'Set buggy' from the window (sets editor camera so it's position is at 0, 0, 0)
7. Hold the center middle mouse button down and pan the camera around (as far as you want)

Expected result: No handle drawing issues.
Actual result: Scene View starts showing large polygons in different screen quadrants (colored in the transform handle colors), no matter how far you pan.

Reproduced in: 2017.4.27f1, 2018.4.0f1, 2019.1.4f1, 2019.2.0b3, 2019.3.0a3

Note:
1. If you switch to other tools or deselect the cube, the issue disappears.
2. You can take camera settings and move the near plane far away and you can see that they are gigantic buggy polygons and not just something near the camera.