Steps to reproduce :

- import the project attached
- select the cube and notice the circle collider does not match the sphere position
- remove the rigidbody from the cube
- select the sphere and disable and enable the circle collider and notice that the circle collider now respects the sphere's position

Duplicate :
http://issuetracker.unity3d.com/issues/children-with-collider2d-do-not-inherit-rotation-correctly-from-a-parent-with-a-rigidbody2d