Reproduction steps:
1. Open the attached project (Attached in my reply)(8:50 AM, OwnCloud link)(2017.2).
2. Play the "Level-Culmination" scene.
- Note, that everything renders fine.
3. Build and run this scene in a standalone build.
- Most of the textures don't render (Screenshots attached(5:38 PM)).

Reproduced with:
OSX Standalone, Windows Standalone, iOS, Android
DirectX, OpenGLES, Metal
5.5.4p2, 2017.2.0b3

Not reproducible in:
Editor

Note:
Original issue is not a regression, 'Is Regression = yes' refers to project upgrade ( library rebuild ) bug discussed further in this case