How to reproduce:
1. Download and extract the "perforceRepro" project into a Perforce Workspace
2. In P4V Add and Submit the Assets, Project Settings, and Packages folders
3. Open the project and set up the Perforce version control in the Project Settings (while using the same Workspace as in step 1)
4. Open the “SampleScene“ in the in the Unity Editor
5. In the Hierarchy window create a “3D Object/Cube“ GameObject
6. Drag it into a Project window to make a Prefab
7. Submit it
8. Open the “Windows/Search/New Window“
9. Search for the “Cube.prefab“
10. Select it in the Search Provider panel
11. Select Inspector from the More Options ( : ) menu
12. Try to edit the Prefab in the Preview Inspector panel

Expected result: Editing is not allowed
Actual result: Editing is allowed

Reproducible with: 2021.3.40f1, 2022.3.38f1, 6000.0.11f1

Reproducible on: macOS 14.5 (Intel), Windows 11 (User’s)
Not reproducible on: No other environments tested

Note: The Editor's Inspector window works as expected, not allowing the editing of the submitted asset until it is checked out