How to reproduce:
1. Open the attached "SyncRepro" project and "Repro" scene
2. Make sure that Timeline and Animation windows are both opened
3. Click on the Sphere GameObject in Hierarchy
4. You will see that the Sphere consists two Animation clips in the timeline, both were split in half from one clip
5. Click on "Recorded (3)" clip and move TimelinePlayhead marker (position indicator in Timeline) to the end of the both clips, compare Animation and Timeline clip views

Expected result - Whenever the clips is cut in half and you select the rightmost one ("Recorded(3)" in our example), Animation view and Timeline view should be synced properly
Actual result - Animation and Timeline views are not synced, Animation view fails to take into the account that the clip in the timeline does not actually start from the beginning of the clip but instead from somewhere in the middle, note that the position indicator in Timeline goes beyond the clip

Reproducible with - 2017.3.0b1, 2017.2.0f1, 2017.1.1p2, 2017.1.0b1