1. What happened
Particle System created at runtime mismatches between Editor and Standalone. For standalone it looks broken.

2. How we can reproduce it using the example you attached
- Open scene 1
- Play it and observe the expected behaviour. (PS is created from script attached to camera)
- Exit Play mode and build project with the scene (or, for Mac, run the executable '1' from within attached project folder)
- Run the executable
---> Resulted particle system produces only 1 particle at a time; that single particle moves at much slower speed than particles in 'original' PS.

Looks like that's not a regression - issue reproducible even in 4.7.0. Beforehand that wasn't quite an issue as a user wasn't able to do much with PS at runtime. But now (as of 5.3) almost everything can be configured at runtime.