Reproduction steps:
1. Open project attached (ParticleDistanceBug).
2. Open scene "TestScene".
3. Press Play.

Expected result: Particle system, that has parent with Kinematic Rigidbody 2D, will act as particle system with parent without Rigidbody 2D.
Actual result. Particle system, that has parent with Kinematic Rigidbody 2D, does not spawn particles.

Reproduce on: 5.5.0f3, 5.5.0p1.
Works fine in: 5.6.0b1.

Notes:
"Kinematic Rigidbody 2D is designed to be repositioned explicitly via Rigidbody2D.MovePosition or Rigidbody2D.MoveRotation. Use physics queries to detect collisions, and scripts to decide where and how the Rigidbody 2D should move."
It works fine it uses "Use full Kinematic control"

This problem might be caused by Rigidbody 2D. If you mark "Use full Kinematic control" and change body type to Dynamic, it will still act as Kinematic with "Use full Kinematic control" marked. Same with Body Type Static.
This Rigidbody 2D problem is not detected in 5.6.0b1.