How to reproduce:
1. Open the attached project (notice the textures are rendered correctly)
2. Close the project and delete the Library folder from project's directory
3. Using batch mode build the project with this command (change the paths according to your machine):
"%ProgramFiles%\Unity\Editor\Unity.exe" -batchmode -quit -nographics -buildtarget win64 -projectPath "F:\Temp\TestNPOT" -buildWindows64Player "F:\Temp\NPOTTestBuild\TestBuild.exe" -logfile "F:\Temp\NPOTTestBuild\unitybuild.log"
4.Open the built project, the textures are not rendered
5.Open the project in the Editor, textures are not rendered and errors appear

Actual result: Textures are not rendered in the build and errors in editor appears.
Expected result: Textures should be rendered in the build and no errors should appear.

Reproducible with: 2017.1.0p2, 5.6.3f1.
Not Reproducible with 2017.3.0a3, 2017.2.0b6.